Equivocation

Equivocation is a fallacy that occurs when a word or phrase is used in two different senses within the same argument, leading to confusion or misinterpretation. This tactic can obscure the truth and mislead the audience.

For example, if someone argues that 'all trees have bark, and every dog barks, therefore every dog is a tree,' they are using the word 'bark' in two different contexts. Clarity in language is essential for effective communication and argumentation.